TMJ stands for “temporomandibular joint,” which is the part of the body where the jawbone is connected to the skull. As such, this joint is an important part of our everyday life, helping us talk and chew food. TMJ dysfunction is when an underlying condition causes chronic or recurring pain and discomfort in and around the jaw.

There are many different causes of TMJ dysfunction, ranging from genetics and age to sickness and injury, although the effects of all can be minimized with jaw physical therapy. Many individuals who habitually clench or grind their teeth experience TMJ dysfunction at some point in their lives. Certain forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, can also lead to TMJ dysfunction.

TMJ dysfunction’s most notable symptom is a painful clicking, popping, or grating sensation when speaking or eating. However, not all TMJ dysfunction sufferers experience this. In general, TMJ dysfunction typically manifests as frequent pain or tenderness in and around the jaw, sometimes extending up to the ears. This can make it difficult to chew food or even talk comfortably.

While over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatories can alleviate temporary TMJ discomfort, jaw physical therapy is required if the problem persists. By observing an individual’s range of motion in the TMJ area, physical therapists can identify the cause of the pain and what exercises can best treat it. In rarer, more severe cases, surgery or corticosteroid injections may be necessary.